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오늘도 뉴욕타임즈 러너 아티클로 공부하는 영어시간

오늘의 기사 https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/15/learning/how-competitive-are-you.html

요약

This page quotes parts of Jessia Grose's essay. She shows her concerns about her kids saying "Everything is a competition." She wants her kids to achieve what they want, but worries if they would go too far with the idea of competition and defeating others. 

주목할만한 문장

- Do you enjoy competing against others for things like grades?
- Comparison is the thief of joy.
- ...makes me want to take a step back.
- A way to push back on that is to reframe losses as having value, because they can teach us where to direct our emergy toward improvement.
- I suspect that will be a forever project.

단어

- worthwile: useful, important to be a suitanle reward for the money or time spent or the effort made.
 ex) Does competition make things feel more exciting and worthwhile do you?

- ensure: to make something certain to happen
 ex) The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.

- jostle: to knock or push roughly against someone in order to move past them, get for space
 ex) racing down a path, jostling each other out of the way

- admonition: a piece of advice that is also a warning ro someone about their behaviour.
 ex) the principal's admonition against bullying

- stymie [스타이미]: to prevent something from happening or someone from achieving a purpose
 ex) These goals were frequently stymied by the same strong historical consciousness ../ ...will stymie good intentions.

- rack up: to gradually get more points, profits, etc
 ex) He has racked up 450 points in three months.

새로 배운 구동사/ 단여/ 영어 표현 목록

be bound for - (비행기 등 이동수단) - 행이다.
beside the point - 부적절한, 동떨어진
turn up - 나타나다
on a roll - 잘 굴러가는
next to nothing - 사소한, 거의 없는

She and I were in a train bound for Spain. She said she wasn't gonna go, but turned up last minute and we got on the train. I don't know where we're gonna stay during the trip, but that's beside the point. We spoke next to nothing to each other so far. I really want this relationship to be on a roll.

be bound for 은 이동수단이 어디 목적지로 향한다고 할 때 쓴다.  A Taxi bound for Seoul, A plane bound for New York 이런 식으로 써도 되고 We're bound for LA 이런식으로 써도 된다. 
**be bound to 와 헷갈리면 안되는데 to 를 사용하면 완전 다른 뜻으로, -해야한다는 의무를 나타내거나, - 할 수 밖에 없다 같은 의미가 된다. 

show up 이 나타나다라는 뜻이라서 헷갈리는데 turn up 은 좀 더 기다림 끝에 예상치 못하게 나타난다는 뉘앙스를 살짝 풍기는 듯 하다. 그래서 turn 이 사용되는 듯 하다...

By no means

의미
- by no means = not at all
- not in any way
- not by any means
(used as an emphasizing a negative statement)

certainly not, definietely not 대신에 바꿔쓰면 좋은 표현이다. 익숙하지 않아서 잘 못쓰는데 일부러라도 쓰고 그래야 입에 붙어서 다음에도 사용하게 된다. 의무감을 가지고서라도 써보면 결국 내 표현으로 만들 수 있을 것이다.

예문
- By no means are you going to the movies tonight if you haven't finished your homework.
- By no means am I going to my ex-boyfriend's wedding, why did he invite me?
- I told her we wouldn't tolerate her teasing other kids at school by any means.

창작
- By no means I find myself a cheater.
- I am by no means taking that job.

By all means

의미
- used to give permission.
- to tell someone that you are very willing to allow them to do something.

Certenly, "물론이죠, 그러세요" 같은 뉘앙스이다. 정중한 permission

- By all means, take another slice of cake if you'd like.
- You're welcome to use our car if you need it by all means.
- I told him by all means he could stay at our house.

창작
- By all means, ask anything you want to know.

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/13/learning/film-club-i-have-face-blindness-this-is-how-i-recognize-you.html

요약

Paul Kram has a prosopagnosia, which inhibits smooth social interactions for him. He loves gliding, and people first assume it is an escape from parties and people. However, gliding for him is about people that helps him connect with others.

주목할만한 문장

- ...to confront discomfort with disability.

단어

- Profile (verb) - to write or publish a short description of someone's life, work, character, etc.
- Thrive - to grow, develop, or be successful -> prosper;flourish
(His business thrived in the years before the war. Industries such as water, telecoms, and insurance have been thriving. She seems to thrive on stress)
- Prosopagnosia - face blindness, a neurological disorder that inhibits the recognition of faces.

저 뉴욕타임스 러닝네트워크 사이트의 좋은 점은 코멘트를 달 수 있는 기능이 있다. 이곳에서 학생들이 단 댓글들을 확인할 수 있었는데 어휘수준이 상당해서 사전을 끼고 읽어야했다. 안타까운 현상태지만 계속 공부하다 보면 한번에 이해할 수 있는 날이 오겠지.

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/14/learning/annoying-noises.html#commentsContainer

위 기사 코멘트에서 발견한 단어들

- obnoxious - very unpleasant or rude
 When she's in a bad mood she's obnoxious to everyone.

- cringe - to sudden move away from someone or something because you are frightened.
 He cringes every time he hears the dentist's drill.

- abrasive - rude and unfriendly
 She has a rather abrasive manner. He can sometimes be abrasive in meetings.

- aggravate - [아그래베이트] to make a bad situation worse
 Attempts to restrict parking in the city center have further aggravated the problem of traffic congestion.

- grimace - [그리머스] to make an expression of pain, strong dislike, etc. in which the face twists in an ugly way.
 She made a grimace of disgust when she way the raw meat.

- commotion - a sudden, short period of noise, confusion, or excited movement
 He looked up to see what all the commotion was about. There was great commotion at the location of the incident.)

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/12/learning/how-punctual-are-you.html

요약

The article says the punctuality has become one of the paramount elements in our lives; as we go throguh pandemic, online gatherings which don't require traveling times now have settled down as a norm. There are pretinent changes as well. When it comes to restaurants, people book for meals more than before and dinner time got a little moved up because people don't need to commute and get changed stopping by home.

주목할 만 한 문장

1. Are you always on time, or are you known for arriving late? How has the pandemic changed your relationship with time?

2. How do you feel about people who are more or less punctual than you are?

3. ...a change that seems to have arisen from a pandemic now in its third year.

새로 배운 단어

1. hold up - to delay someone or something
(...no longer held up by commytes or workplace gossip sessions.)

2. weave A into B - to include A in B(story, plan etc)
(...people are able to weave school pick-ups and other child care duties into their workdays)

3. paramount - more important than anything else
(Punctuality is paramount as we are going through a re-evaluation of our relationship to time.)

4. virtue - a good moral quality in a person, or the general quality of being morally good.
(the virtues of punctuality)

5. Amid - among; in the middle of or surrounded by
(amid the applause)

6. surge - a sudden and great increase
(We see a real surge in online reservation activity,)

- insurmountable 극복할 수 없는, 대저할 수 없는, 해결할 수 없는
- utterance 발언, 입 밖에 냄, 표현함
- fatalist  운명론자
- retention 유지, 기억, 정체

My sister is such a fatalist, and whenever I have hard times, the way she comforts me is a little uncomfortable. No matter what she says, I don't think I have no control over my own life. That probably helps in some ways for easier life, but look at her, if something seems insurmountable, she gives up right away and she believes it is what it is even before she really tries it. And such utterances make her belief and retention more solid.

여기서 주의해야할 점은 fatalist 는 파탈- 이 아니라 페이탈리스트라고 발음한다는 것이다. 정말 사용할 일이 많이 없을 것 같은 단어들인데 아무튼 이 4개 단어를 조합하여 짧은 글을 써 보았다. 근데  retention을 올바르게 사용한 것인지는 잘 모르겠다. retention은 유지, 정체의 의미로 사용되는 단어인데, 긍정적으로 사용되기도 하고 부정적인 상황에서도 많이 쓰이는 듯 하다. The retention of the government .... The retention of the technology is.. 등 이렇게 쓰인다. 

insurmountable 은 스펠링이 어렵게 느껴지지만 뜯어보면 의외로 심플하다. in- (-없는) + sur- (초월하다) + mount (넘다, 오르다) + -able (할 수 있는) = in sur mount able 으로 초월해서 넘어가는 게 불가능한 으로 조합된 단어이다. 

Succeed 란 단어, 대충은 알고있는데 50%만 알고있는 듯한 느낌. 얕게만 알고있으니 대충 아는 뜻으로만 해석하게되는데 그래서 오히려 잘못해석이 되어 이해가 안가는 현상이 종종 발생, 여려가지 의미를 알아보고 스스로 적절히 활용하고 해석할 수 있게 되었으면 해서 포스팅을 작성해본다.

Cambridge dictionary 로 succeed 의 뜻을 알아보자. 

1.

If you succeed, you achieve something that you have been aiming for, and if a plan or piece of work succeeds, it has the results that you wanted. 

EX - She's been trying to pass her driving test for six years and she's finally succeeded.
The campaign has certainly succeeded in raising public awareness of the issue.

원하는 것을 달성하는, 성취하는 그림이다. 
(예문 만들기: The chance is pretty good that we will succeed in finishing the project on time) 

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2.

To take an official job or position after someone else.

EX - When the queen dies, her eldest son will succeed to the throne.

오늘 엘리자베스 여왕이 서거하신 날인데, 이때문에 뉴스 여기저기서 succeed 란 단어가 자주 보인다. 이어받고 계승한다는 뜻이다. 연속적으로 이어지는 이미지를 가지고 있다. 기억해야 할 것은 succeed 다음에 to 가 쓰인다는 것. 
(예문 만들기: Someone had to succeed to that position after she quit her job.)

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3.

To come after another person or thing in time

EX - In the weeks that succeeded, five more patients showed similar symptoms.

계속되는 이미지 또한 여기서도 이어진다. 연속적으로, 계속해서 일어나는 느낌.
(예문 만들기: Our marriage succeeded, until 2012)

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완벽하게 정리가 되었는지는 모르곘으나 캠브릿지 사전 꼼꼼하게 예문과 함께 훑으니 머릿속에 들어온다. 이해한것만으로는 활용할 수 없다. 내가 실전에서 써봐야 내 것으로 만들 수 있다는 것... 예문을 하나라도 만들어보고 또 복습하는 것이 도움이 된다. 

- put (bring) an end to 종결짓다, 끝내다
- put through 전화를 연결하다
- habitat 서식지
- back-to-back 연속적인
- tactful 요령있는

These back-to-back meetings never end and I'm swamped. It's like I'm a rat in an experinent and this small office is my habitat white lab coated people set. I have to put an end to this vicious cycle. While a receptionist put me through to my manager, I recalled briefly what I'm going to say again. I need to be tactful. 

억지스럽게 이야기를 지어내보았는데 정말 어렵다 ㅠ 전화 연결시 put through 를 쓸 때는 to 를 쓴다.