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https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/06/health/teenage-vaping-e-cigarettes.html

• While use among youths has fellen since the peaks of 2018-19, resumption of in-school classes this year shows students still have access to flavored, disposable vapes.
• an upstart industry is dodging regulators' efforts to spare a generation from nicotine addiction.
• flavored vapes in fruit, dessert and candy flavors.
• As long as any flavored products are still on the market, kids are going to shift to them.
• You have to clear the market of all flavoured products.
• One in four of the high school students who were e-cigarette users reported vaping every day.
• Cigarettes coat the lungs in tar.
• ~ provoked a public outcry (a strong expression of anger and disapproval about something.
• Juul had been widely blamed for fueling the teenage vaping crisis.
• -would be more difficult to regulate.

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/10/31/learning/31OctoberStudentNewsQuiz.html

• Republicans - 공화당 (우익보수세력)
• Democrats - 민주당
• strip away - 벗겨내다, 페인트나 껍질, 옷 등) 빼앗다
• steep drop in the stock market
• an influx of immigrants
• in a series of attention-grabbing stunts.
• Decisions about how long to keep school closed often varied even within state. 
• Anti-semitic 반 유대주의의
• condemnation 비난

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/25/opinion/end-of-homework.html

기억할만한 표현

• The teacher side of me can ~
• It had little to no academic value.
• pointless homework
• Homework might help students learn
• exacerbate (to make something bad even worse) : It exacerbate inequalities.
• Many measures of academic achievement wind up being linked to wealth.
• The authors go on to argue that~
• - is part of an emerging movement.
• While the authors acknowledge that eliminating homework would be difficult in the short term, given how rooted it is, ...
• Many public schools over the next decade or so will start to make their way. 
• But they are questioning something much more fundamental to the system than homework.
• the pursuit of upward mobility
• This all sounds a bit abstract.
• grind out: to produce the same (boring) thing again and again like a routine..
  When you break it all down, the amount of class mobility our education system can drind out each year falls well short what most people expect.

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/29/magazine/how-to-see-faces-everywhere.html

기억할만한 문장

• Your brain is super attuned to see faces everywhere.
• It's an attention thing.
• Stare out the world in a curious, aimless way, not looking at anything in particular.
• Let yourself delight in them

We see faces everywhere. I remember I laughed at funny looking faces that cars make with my brother when we were little. According to this article, we humans are social animals, we're good at finding faces. Face recognition related area of our brains gets activated when we see faces in objects. 

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/20/learning/do-you-see-the-point-in-learning-math.html

기억할만한 문장

• It seemed plainly obvious that there was no need for it in adult life.
• a fundamental part of the world's design
• the world is connected in its parts.

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/31/learning/student-contest-winner-told-he-had-six-months-to-live-he-opened-an-art-exhibit.html?searchResultPosition=1 

기억할만한 문장

• He modestly describes his popularity prior to this recognition as a small group of committed fans.
• Doctors diagnosed him with late-stage gastric cancer.
• to live the rest of his life to the fullist. 
• If I didn't have much time left to live, what would I do?
• Our desires are endless
• An object or a world in your head can become realized in a photo.
• It gives me a feeling of sheer excitement.
• Life is finite and there are infinite ways we could die.

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/24/us/roe-wade-overturned-supreme-court.html

기억할만한것

• sending shock waves through the country and around the world.
• It was a step backward for the nation.
• Protests swelled across the country
• Law often has a way of evolving
• unsettling - causing change, worry, anxiety
  ex) A rise in unemployment has an unsettling effect on the stock market.
  ex) unsettling news, unsettling inages of a child playing with her father's gun.
• a right to terminate their pregnancies until fetal viability

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/21/realestate/adult-children-living-at-home.html

요약

Current inflation has been giving a big impact on housing of younger generations in America. Those who left home spend almost hlaf of their income on rent, and the others consider staying in parents' or relatives' houses as a long-term housing solution. In the wake of pandemic, this generation especially, was sent home from school and work, wasn't able to get stable income. 

기억할만한 문장

- So, what comes next may not be much of a surprise.
- flocks of young Americans were moving back home.
- What's worth noting from --- is...
- For those who have made it out of their childhood bedroom...
- 32% are spending roughly half of their monthly income on ...
- No more than 20% of income should go toward housing.

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/07/magazine/motherhood-nonconformism.html

기억할만한 문장

- it vaguely resembled an elephant
- The elephant appeared to be shouting with joy.
- nonconformism : refusal to conform to an established or onventional creed, rule...
- when others broke with homework orthodoxy. (break with tradition... break with past practices..)
- adherence to the rules of academic game.
- mortgage : to borrow money to buy a house
- it's valuable for its own sake.
- When I thought no one was watching,...
- ..., as she envisioned

https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/kipublications/publications/park-chung-hee-and-modern-korea-roots-militarism-1866%E2%80%931945

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Park-Chung-Hee

https://thediplomat.com/2015/09/the-mixed-legacy-of-a-south-korean-dictator/

새로배운 단어/ 표현
 

• legacy- 과거로부터의 유산, 현재까지도 영향을 주는 체재, 과거로부터 물려받은 것
• a period of unprecedented economic growth and of political oppression that deepened as prosperity spread.
• the period of Japaness occupation
• the Korean people's "can do" spirit would allow them to overcome any challenge
• Korea had been involuntarily absorbed into Japan in 1910
• enormous economic expansion at the cost of civil liberties and political freedom
• impoverished 매우 가난한, 빈곤한
• restrictions on personal freedoms, suppression of the press and of opposition parties
• He was responsible in large part for South Korea's economic miracle
• The mixed legacy of a South Korean dictator 
• He's legacy casts a long shadow over the country's modern history.
• benevolent 자애로운
• (transit) hub 교통의 요지 (people flock to transit hubs)

Park Jeoung Hee is one of the most controversal people in Korean history. He led the rapid economic development, but while the prosperity spread, political oppression towards individual freedoms and democracy got deepened. The major regional political conflicts formed in the era as well, still people in Daegu area find him as a hero whereas people in Jeollado express hatred towards him and right wings since many democratic institution in this area got suppressed  and students and regualar residents got harmed going through bloody situation caused by his government and the police.

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/11/27/learning/27NorthKoreaGeographyQuizLN.html?searchResultPosition=1 

• leapfrog :
  He leapfrogged his brothers to succeed his father. 
  They leapfrogged from third to first place.

• figurehead : someone who has the position of leader in an org but who has no real power.
  Many analysts dismissed him as an inexperienced figurehead when he took power at 27; he is firmly in control.
• Against long odds : Even though it's not very likely
• an arsenal of guns/nuclear weapons
  He has made building a nuclear arsenal a top priority. 
• a mountanious region [마운터너스]
• Peninsula : 반도!!
  The Korean Peninsula, Arabian Peninsula/ Florida Peninsula
• legitimize : to make something legal or acceptable
• Kim dynasty 김씨 왕조 
• rugged terrain 울퉁불퉁한 지역

• cult 예찬, 숭배, 숭배되는
• fortify : 강화하다, 요새화하다, 영양소를 첨가하다(음식에)
• buffer 완충장치
  • DMZ is a fortified no-man's land that spans the width of the Korean Peninsula, acting as a buffer between North and South Korea.

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/24/world/middleeast/iran-protests-raisi-khamenei-hijab.html

- A young iranian woman's death triggered a series of protests in Iran. Because of the conservative Iranian government's strict surpressing religious policy, women's right in Iran has been hitting bottom, and now Iranian people try to move foward against their government. As the way they always did, the country is aggressively stopping the protests and disrupting internet services, many people got hurt along the way. This oppression only has made their anger stronger.

새로배운 단어

• detenction center - 구치소
• divisive - 분할하는 (ex) the divisive issue of abortion
• sheer - 순전한, 철저하게 (수직으로 바로 같은 그림에서 파생) -> sheer off (away) 는 철저히 떨쳐내는것
• disrupt - to prevent something, especially a system, process, event from continuing
• unrest - 불안, 불만, 분노 - often by demonstration, rioting
• concession -양보 (concession card, ticket - 노약자 카드, 티켓)
• backlash - a backlash against a tendency or recent development in society or politics, is a sudden, strong reaction against it. (ex. male backlash against femenism)
• custody - 양육권, 구류 - the suspect is now in custody.
• stamp out - to get rid of something that is wrong or harmful - ex. The new legislation is intended to stamp out child prostitution.
• nip in the bud - to stop something immediately so that it does not become a worse problem.

주목할만한 문장

• a sickly economy and bleak prospects, - sickly 는 병난, weak, unhealthy 의미의 형용사다. 
• the lines of her body obscured by loose clothing
• by thier standards, Mahsa Amini was improperly dressed,
• a wisp of hair protruding from her head scarf
• But violence will only buy time, they say, not long-term peace.
• people no longer believe that the system is reformable.
• But as of now, the system is bound to bring down its iron fist and try to nip this movement in the bud.
  (iron fist policy is one which deals with people in a very strict and cruel way)

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/15/world/europe/scotland-free-period-products.html

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-period-stigma-5116231

"Period stigma" is a broad term for the discrimication faced by people who menstruate. From physical problemas to the verbal shaming of menstruating people as "dirty", "unclean", "impure". Even as a joke, if someone is perceived as behaving in a sensitive, sharp, or aggressive manner, saying they may be PMS-ing or menstruating.

새로 배운 단어

On the rag : 흡수성 천을 속옷에 고정해서 피를 받던 것에서 유래한 슬랭이다. She's on the rag 이라고 하면 she's on her period 
PMS : premenstrual syndrome
Perpetuate : make continue indefinitely 
legislation : 법률제정
sanitary product : 위생용품
fundamental : 기본적인, forming the base from which everything else develops
compound : 합치다, 혼합하다 (The coronavirus pandemic only compounded those issues...)